Getty Photo Archive Mapping

Table of Contents

Introduction
Sample Record
Overview
- The Photograph
- The Depicted Object
Mapping in Detail
- The Photograph
- The Art Object

Introduction

A brief walk through of mapping a sample Photo Archive record from the Getty.

Sample Record

{
    "artist_name_1": "Rubens, Peter Paul", 
    "artist_dates_1": "1577-1640", 
    "artist_role_1": "Painter", 
    "brief_citation": "Vlieghe, CorpRub 8 (1972-73), no.144.", 
    "category": "PAINTINGS", 
    "collection_type": "Public", 
    "curr_owner_inst": "Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini", 
    "curr_regn_dist": "Lazio", 
    "curr_city": "Rome", 
    "curr_country": "Italy", 
    "curr_province": "Roma", 
    "date": "ca. 1604", 
    "dimension_units1": "cm",  
    "excollections_provenance": "Cardinal Neri Corsini (1685-1770); Purchased by the Italian government form Prince Tommaso Corsini (1884)", 
    "filing_category": "Religious, Devotional", 
    "gcpa_acc_no": "292221", 
    "height_1": "153", 
    "media_materials": "Oil on canvas", 
    "name_title": "St. Sebastian", 
    "national_school_1": "Flemish", 
    "photo_collection": "Erwin Panofsky Collection", 
    "photo_color": "Bl/Wh", 
    "photo_source": "Anderson", 
    "photo_src_ref": "1195", 
    "reference_number": "Inv. 388",
    "width_1": "118"
}

Which describes a photograph of a painting of St Sebastian being tended by angels. You can see information about the painting at these sites:

The current, aging, online record built from the information above looks like:

Star Record Screenshot

Overview

The model for the photo archive is divided into two main parts: the description of the photograph and its provenance, and the description of the artwork depicted in the photograph. Both are treated as valuable objects in their own right.

The Photograph

The photograph in the archive does not have many properties in this record. Most are about the object depicted in the photograph.

In particular:

gcpa_acc_no: the Getty Accession number
photo_color: whether the photograph is black and white, or color
photo_collection: the original photographer or collector's collection
photo_source: who the Getty acquired the photograph from
photo_src_ref: the source's reference number for the photograph

Other records also have:

photo_date: the date the photograph was taken
photo_coll_ref: the reference number in the original collection
shelf_number: the (older) shelf-based reference number the photograph
acquisition_date: the date the photograph was acquired
photo_notes: freetext notes about the photograph

The mapping approach is:

The photograph itself is an object
The gcpa_acc_no, photo_src_ref and photo_coll_ref values are identifiers, with collection specific contexts
The transaction between the photo_source and the Getty is modeled according to the provenance model
The photo_date provides the timespan for the creation of the photograph (we do not distinguish between the act of photographing and printing of the physical photograph)
The photo_notes information is a note associated with the object, modeled in the same way as other descriptive texts.
The photograph then shows an image, which represents the art object, as described under depiction

This results in the model:

Photograph Model

The Depicted Object

The rest of the information is about the object depicted.

The artist* fields, national_school and date provide the creation information and information about the artist.
name_title is the title of the object
The current* fields, reference_number and collection_type are the last known location and owner of the object, described using the provenance model
height, width and dimension_units plus media_materials are the physical characteristics of the object
category is object type, and filing_category is the subject.
excollections_provenance is further known provenance information

Mapping in Detail

The Photograph

We create a ManMadeObject to represent the photograph, by checking the photo_color property to see whether it should be black and white (aat:300128359), color (aat:300128347) or if not present, then just a photograph (aat:300046300). We construct a label for the photograph based on this type and the name of the object depicted.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/2", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'", 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Black and White Photograph"
    }
  ]
}

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We create an Identifier for the Accession Number, and type it as (aat:300312355). This is referenced from the photograph with the identified_by property.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/identifier/1", 
  "type": "Identifier", 
  "content": "292221", 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300312355", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Accession Number"
    }
  ]
}

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A second Identifier for Anderson's identifier is created. This identifier is associated with the source collection. We also create an Acquisition activity, by which the photograph is acquired by The Getty. This is not shown in the example below, but is shown in the full description of the photograph.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/3", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'", 
  "aggregated_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/set/1", 
      "type": "Aggregation", 
      "label": "Collection of Anderson", 
      "proxies": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/Proxy/0", 
          "type": "Proxy", 
          "identified_by": [
            {
              "id": "https://linked.art/example/identifier/2", 
              "type": "Identifier", 
              "content": "1195"
            }
          ], 
          "proxyIn": {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/set/1", 
            "type": "Aggregation", 
            "label": "Collection of Anderson"
          }, 
          "proxyFor": {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/3", 
            "type": "ManMadeObject", 
            "label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'"
          }
        }
      ], 
      "created_by": {
        "id": "https://linked.art/example/Creation/0", 
        "type": "Creation", 
        "carried_out_by": [
          {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/actor/0", 
            "type": "Actor", 
            "label": "Anderson"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ], 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Black and White Photograph"
    }
  ]
}

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We create the original collection, despite only having a label for it.

The above needs work, as the Anderson Collection does not currently aggregate the photograph. See Issue 147.

Plus we link the, as of yet unconfigured, Painting resource to it via a VisualItem.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/4", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "Black and White Photograph of 'St. Sebastian'", 
  "aggregated_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/set/2", 
      "type": "Aggregation", 
      "label": "Erwin Panofsky Collection"
    }
  ], 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300128359", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Black and White Photograph"
    }
  ], 
  "shows": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/VisualItem/0", 
      "type": "VisualItem", 
      "label": "Image on Photograph", 
      "represents": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/5", 
          "type": "ManMadeObject", 
          "classified_as": [
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618", 
              "type": "Type", 
              "label": "Painting"
            }, 
            {
              "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025", 
              "type": "Type", 
              "label": "Artwork"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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We can thus fill in the data about the photograph to our model:

Photograph Data following Model

The Art Object

We can fill out a lot of details about the object itself. In particular, it has a Title (which we also associate with the object directly as a label), height and width dimensions in centimetres, and a parseable materials statement. We record both the statement as a LinguisticObject, as well as breaking the information out into machine readable material and part resources.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/6", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "St. Sebastian", 
  "identified_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/name/1", 
      "type": "Name", 
      "content": "St. Sebastian"
    }
  ], 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Painting"
    }, 
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Artwork"
    }
  ], 
  "made_of": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300015050", 
      "type": "Material", 
      "label": "oil"
    }
  ], 
  "part": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/7", 
      "type": "ManMadeObject", 
      "label": "Canvas Support", 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014844", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Support"
        }
      ], 
      "made_of": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300014078", 
          "type": "Material", 
          "label": "canvas"
        }
      ]
    }
  ], 
  "referred_to_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/text/2", 
      "type": "LinguisticObject", 
      "content": "Oil on canvas", 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300010358", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Material Statement"
        }, 
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300418049", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Brief Text"
        }
      ]
    }
  ], 
  "dimension": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/value/2", 
      "type": "Dimension", 
      "label": "Height", 
      "value": 153, 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055644", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Height"
        }
      ], 
      "unit": {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098", 
        "type": "MeasurementUnit", 
        "label": "centimeters"
      }
    }, 
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/value/3", 
      "type": "Dimension", 
      "label": "Width", 
      "value": 118, 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055647", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Width"
        }
      ], 
      "unit": {
        "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300379098", 
        "type": "MeasurementUnit", 
        "label": "centimeters"
      }
    }
  ]
}

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Now we can tackle the creation of the painting. The activity is a Production, which was carried out by the artist at a particular point in time. We know the artist's name and their birth and death dates, and an approximate date for the activity.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/activity/1", 
  "type": "Production", 
  "carried_out_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/person/1", 
      "type": "Person", 
      "label": "Rubens, Peter Paul", 
      "born": {
        "id": "https://linked.art/example/activity/2", 
        "type": "Birth", 
        "timespan": {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/time/0", 
          "type": "TimeSpan", 
          "label": "1577", 
          "end_of_the_end": "1578-01-01T00:00:00Z", 
          "begin_of_the_begin": "1577-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
      }, 
      "died": {
        "id": "https://linked.art/example/activity/3", 
        "type": "Death", 
        "timespan": {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/time/1", 
          "type": "TimeSpan", 
          "label": "1640", 
          "end_of_the_end": "1641-01-01T00:00:00Z", 
          "begin_of_the_begin": "1640-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
      }
    }
  ], 
  "timespan": {
    "id": "https://linked.art/example/time/2", 
    "type": "TimeSpan", 
    "label": "ca. 1604", 
    "end_of_the_end": "1606-01-01T00:00:00Z", 
    "begin_of_the_begin": "1603-01-01T00:00:00Z"
  }
}

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Due to research by the photo archive catalogers, we know a relatively recent (if not necessarily absolutely current) owner, location and identifier for the object. The owner and identifer follow the same pattern as for the identifiers of the photograph.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/8", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "St. Sebastian", 
  "aggregated_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/set/3", 
      "type": "Aggregation", 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300411912", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Public Collection"
        }
      ], 
      "proxies": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/Proxy/1", 
          "type": "Proxy", 
          "identified_by": [
            {
              "id": "https://linked.art/example/identifier/3", 
              "type": "Identifier", 
              "content": "Inv. 388"
            }
          ], 
          "proxyIn": {"id": "https://linked.art/example/set/3","type": "Aggregation"}, 
          "proxyFor": {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/8", 
            "type": "ManMadeObject", 
            "label": "St. Sebastian"
          }
        }
      ], 
      "created_by": {
        "id": "https://linked.art/example/Creation/1", 
        "type": "Creation", 
        "carried_out_by": [
          {
            "id": "https://linked.art/example/group/1", 
            "type": "Group", 
            "label": "Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Palazzo Corsini"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ], 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Painting"
    }, 
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Artwork"
    }
  ]
}

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And its current location is very well described in the data, so we map all of it in this example. However, this is not a recommended pattern and instead a gazetter or vocabulary such as TGN or Geonames should be used instead. Only places that do not have existing identities should have new identities created. Instead, the city of Rome should be identified as tgn:7000874-place and then the TGN hierarchy used for the province, region, and country.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/place/4", 
  "type": "Place", 
  "label": "Rome", 
  "part_of": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/place/3", 
      "type": "Place", 
      "label": "Roma", 
      "part_of": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/place/2", 
          "type": "Place", 
          "label": "Lazio", 
          "part_of": [
            {"id": "https://linked.art/example/place/1","type": "Place","label": "Italy"}
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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And a few additional features for the provenance statement, a brief citation and a category:

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json", 
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/9", 
  "type": "ManMadeObject", 
  "label": "St. Sebastian", 
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300033618", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Painting"
    }, 
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300133025", 
      "type": "Type", 
      "label": "Artwork"
    }
  ], 
  "carries": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/info/0", 
      "type": "InformationObject", 
      "about": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/Type/0", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Religious, Devotional"
        }
      ]
    }
  ], 
  "referred_to_by": [
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/text/3", 
      "type": "LinguisticObject", 
      "content": "Cardinal Neri Corsini (1685-1770); Purchased by the Italian government form Prince Tommaso Corsini (1884)", 
      "classified_as": [
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055863", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Provenance Statement"
        }, 
        {
          "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300418049", 
          "type": "Type", 
          "label": "Brief Text"
        }
      ]
    }, 
    {
      "id": "https://linked.art/example/text/4", 
      "type": "LinguisticObject", 
      "label": "Vlieghe, CorpRub 8 (1972-73), no.144."
    }
  ]
}

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Putting all of the above together gives us a full description of the artwork depicted in the photograph.